Medical Education: University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine
- obtained June 1981
Internal Medicine Internship: St. Luke's Hospital of Kansas City -
completed July 1982
Internal Medicine Residency: St. Luke's Hospital of Kansas City - completed July 1984
Cardiovascular Disease Fellowship: St. Luke's Hospital of Kansas City
- completed July 1987
American Board of Internal Medicine (Internal Medicine) - obtained September 1985
American Board of Internal Medicine (Cardiovascular Disease) - obtained
November 1987